Description
Thymosin Alpha-1 peptide for sale a synthetic 28-amino acid peptide derived from prothymosin alpha, a protein encoded by the PTMA gene and originally identified in thymic tissue. It functions as an immunomodulator by activating toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR9) on dendritic and myeloid cells, thereby enhancing adaptive immune responses.
Buy Thymosin Alpha 1
- Chemical Name: Chemical name of Thymosin Alpha-1
- Form: White to off-white lyophilized powder
- Pharmacological category: Immunomodulator
Mechanism of Action
Thymosin Alpha-1 acts through modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity.
1. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) Activation
- Acts as an agonist at TLR2 and TLR9 on dendritic cells and myeloid antigen-presenting cells.
- Activates downstream NF-κB signaling pathways.
- Enhances cytokine production.
2. Enhancement of T-Cell Function
- Promotes differentiation and maturation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.
- Restores impaired T-cell responses in immunocompromised states.
3. Cytokine Regulation
Increases production of:
- Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
- Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)
- Shifts immune balance toward a Th1-mediated cellular immune response.
4. Dendritic Cell Activation
- Improves antigen presentation.
- Strengthens adaptive immune activation.
5. Natural Killer (NK) Cell Enhancement
-
Increases NK cell cytotoxic activity.
Physical Properties (Lyophilized Peptide Form)
| Property | Typical Specification |
|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white lyophilized powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in water or bacteriostatic water |
| pH (reconstituted) | ~5.0 – 7.0 |
| Stability | Stable when stored frozen or refrigerated |
| Hygroscopicity | Slightly hygroscopic |
| Storage Condition | 2–8°C (short term), −20°C (long term) |
| Reconstitution | Sterile water for injection |
Chemical Assay & Quality Control
Typical analytical standards for research or pharmaceutical-grade peptide:
| Test Parameter | Specification | Analytical Method |
|---|---|---|
| Peptide Purity | ≥ 98% | HPLC |
| Identity Confirmation | Conforms | LC-MS / MALDI-TOF |
| Molecular Weight Verification | ~3108 Da | Mass Spectrometry |
| Water Content | ≤ 5% | Karl Fischer |
| Endotoxin Level | ≤ 0.5 EU/mg (injectable grade) | LAL Test |
| Sterility | Must pass (injectable grade) | USP sterility test |
| Residual Solvents | Within ICH limits | GC |
| Related Peptide Impurities | ≤ 2% total | HPLC |
Overall Functional Effect
Thymosin Alpha-1 enhances:
- Cell-mediated immunity
- Antiviral immune responses
- Immune surveillance mechanisms
It is not cytotoxic and does not act as a hormone or conventional receptor antagonist; rather, it modulates immune signaling pathways to improve immune competence.
Packaging & Compliance
- Moisture-barrier container
- Tamper-evident seal
- Controlled access storage
Transport compliance, where legally permitted, aligns with guidance from the International Air Transport Association (air freight) and the International Maritime Organization (sea freight).
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